# -a 其实就是all，创建包含模型，控制器(资源)，数据迁移文件（工厂模型、seed）
php artisan make:model -a Category

Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
   $table->id();
   $table->string('title', 100)->comment('分类名称');
   $table->string('name', 100)->comment('分类标识');
   $table->string('description', 255)->nullable()->comment('分类描述');
   $table->integer('pid')->default(0)->comment('分类id');
   $table->integer('level')->default(1)->comment('分类层级');
   $table->integer('sort')->default(0)->comment('排序');
   $table->integer('status')->default(1)->comment('状态：0-禁用，1-正常');
   $table->timestamps();
  });

php artisan migrate

//App\Models\Category.php
 
public function categories()
 {
  return $this->hasMany(self::class, 'pid', 'id')->with('categories');
 }

//app\Http\controllers\CategooryController.php
# use模型
use App\Models\Category;
 
public function index()
 {
  $categories = Category::with('categories')->where('pid', 0)->get();
  return view('category.index', compact('categories'));
 }

Route::get('category', 'CategoryController@index');

<table class="table table-borderless table-data3">
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>编号</th>
    <th>分类名称</th>
    <th>分类标识</th>
    <th>分类描述</th>
    <th>创建时间</th>
    <th>状态</th>
    <th>操作</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   @foreach ($categories as $category)
   <tr class="tr-shadow">
    <td>{{ $category->id }}</td>
    <td>{{ $category->title }}</td>
    <td>
     <span class="block-email">{{ $category->name }}</span>
    </td>
    <td class="desc">{{ $category->description }}</td>
    <td>{{ $category->created_at }}</td>
    <td>
     <span class="status--process">{{ $category->status }}</span>
    </td>
    <td></td>
   </tr>
   <tr class="spacer"></tr>
   @foreach ($category->categories as $childCategory)
   @include('category.child_category', ['child_category' => $childCategory])
   @endforeach
   @endforeach
  </tbody>
 </table>

<tr class="tr-shadow">
 <td>{{ $child_category->id }}</td>
 <td>|{{ str_repeat('--',$child_category->level-1) }} {{ $child_category->title }}</td>
 <td>
  <span class="block-email">{{ $child_category->name }}</span>
 </td>
 <td class="desc">{{ $child_category->description }}</td>
 <td>{{ $child_category->created_at }}</td>
 <td>
  <span class="status--process">{{ $child_category->status }}</span>
 </td>
 <td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="spacer"></tr>
@if ($child_category->categories)
@foreach ($child_category->categories as $childCategory)
@include('category.child_category', ['child_category' => $childCategory])
@endforeach
@endif